Screening tools administered by caregivers or clinicians can identify subtle cognitive changes indicative of early dementia.

Standardized Cognitive Tests

Instruments like the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) are commonly used.

They evaluate memory, attention, language, and executive function.

Computerized Cognitive Assessments

Digital platforms allow repeated testing with instant feedback.

These are increasingly used in research and clinical practice.

Role of Caregiver Observations

Caregiver reports provide valuable information about functional changes.

Combining observations with test results improves accuracy.

Limitations and Next Steps

No tool replaces comprehensive diagnostic evaluation.

Positive results should prompt referral to specialists.